Circuit Mechanisms of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia (LID)

L -DOPA is the criterion standard of treatment for Parkinson disease. Although it alleviates some Parkinsonian symptoms, long-term induces -DOPA–induced dyskinesia (LID). Several theoretical models including firing rate model, pattern and ensemble model are proposed to explain mechanisms LID. The “firing model” proposes that decreasing mean rates output nuclei basal ganglia (BG) globus pallidus internal segment substantia nigra reticulata, along BG pathways, dyskinesia. claimed abnormal a single unit activity local field potentials may disturb information processing in BG, resulting “ensemble described symptoms might represent distributed impairment involving many brain regions, but number activated neurons striatum correlated most strongly with severity. Extensive evidence circuit driving LID has also been presented. multisystem disease affects wide areas brain. Brain regions striatum, pallidal–subthalamic network, motor cortex, thalamus, cerebellum all involved pathophysiology In addition, although both amantadine deep stimulation help reduce LID, these approaches have complications limit their use, novel antidyskinetic drug needed; require us understand mechanism more deeply.